Competing interests
B.A.B. receives research support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the US Department of Defense as well as research grant funding from AstraZeneca, Axon, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, Mesoblast, Novo Nordisk, Rivus and Tenax Therapeutics. B.A.B. has also served as a consultant for Actelion, Amgen, Aria, Axon Therapies, BD Biosciences, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Edwards Lifesciences, Eli Lilly, Imbria, Janssen, Merck, Novo Nordisk, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, NXT and VADovations and is named as an inventor (US patent no. 10,307,179) for the tools and approach for a minimally invasive pericardial modification procedure to treat heart failure. D.W.K. was supported, in part, by the Kermit Glenn Phillips II Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine and NIH grants U01AG076928, R01AG078153, R01AG045551, R01AG18915 and U01HL160272 and reports receiving honoraria as a consultant for Bayer, Corvia Medical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ketyo, Rivus, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Pfizer and Novartis; grant funding from Novartis, Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Rivus, Pfizer and AstraZeneca; and stock ownership in Gilead Sciences. M.J.D. has acted as a consultant, advisory board member and speaker for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi; an advisory board member and speaker for AstraZeneca; an advisory board member for Pfizer, Medtronic and ShouTi Pharma Inc.; and a speaker for Novartis, Sanofi and Amgen. M.D. has received grants in support of investigator and investigator-initiated trials from AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen and Novo Nordisk. J.B. is a consultant to Abbott, American Regent, Amgen, Applied Therapeutic, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cardiac Dimension, Cardior, CVRx, Cytokinetics, Edwards, Element Science, Innolife, Impulse Dynamics, Imbria, Inventiva, Lexicon, Eli Lilly, LivaNova, Janssen, Medtronics, Merck, Occlutech, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Pharmain, Roche, Sequana, SQ Innovation, 3live and Vifor. M.C.P. has received research grants or consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Napp Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pharmacosmos, Roche and SQ Innovations; has served on committees for AbbVie, Akero, Alnylam, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, New Amsterdam, Novo Nordisk, Resverlogix and Teikoku; and is Director of Global Clinical Trial Partners. S.J.S. reports receiving consulting fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Aria CV, Axon Therapies, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cyclerion, Cytokinetics, Edwards Lifesciences, Eidos, Imara, Impulse Dynamics, Intellia, Ionis, Eli Lilly, Merck, Metabolic Flux, MyoKardia, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Prothena, Regeneron, Rivus, Sardocor, Shifamed, Tenax, Tenaya and United Therapeutics. S.V. reports speaking honoraria and/or consulting fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Merck, PhaseBio, HLS Therapeutics, Amarin, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, TIMI, Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group. W.A. reports honoraria and/or consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis and Novo Nordisk. F.Z.A. reports honoraria and/or consulting fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Occlutech, Pharmacosmos and Vifor. V.C. reports speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cipla, Dr. Reddy’s, Lupin, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Mankind, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sun Pharma and Torrent. J.E. reports research support for trial leadership from American Regent, Applied Therapeutics, Bayer, Cytokinetics, Merck and Novo Nordisk; honoraria for consultancy from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Novo Nordisk and Otsuka; and service as an advisor to US2.ai. M.F. reports no conflicts of interest. H.I. reports honoraria and/or consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Mochida, Novartis and Novo Nordisk. M.L. reports honoraria and/or consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ewopharma, Gedeon Richter, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche and Servier. V.M. reports consulting fees from Bayer, Merck Sharp & Dohme and Novo Nordisk; research grants from Regeneron; and research support from the National Institute for Research of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (Program EXCELES, project no. LX22NPO5104), funded by the European Union–Next Generation EU. J.N. reports honoraria and/or consulting fees from Alleviant, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Pfizer, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Rovi and Vifor. E.P. reports honoraria from Novo Nordisk. M. Schou reports speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis and Novo Nordisk. M. Senni reports honoraria and/or consulting fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk and Vifor. P.v.d.M. reports institutional payments for consultancy fees and/or grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, BridgeBio, Ionis, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Pharmacosmoc, Pharma Nord and Vifor. D.V.L. reports honoraria and/or consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Recardio, Sanofi, Sanova and Vaxxinity. D.W. reports consultancy fees from Novo Nordisk. S.R., E.B., M.N.E., G.K.H. and D.V.M. are employees of and hold shares in Novo Nordisk A/S. M.N.K. served as a consultant or on an advisory board for 35Pharma, Alnylam, Amgen, Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Esperion Therapeutics, Janssen, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Merck (Diabetes and Cardiovascular), Novo Nordisk, Pharmacosmos, Pfizer, scPharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Structure Therapeutics, Vifor and Youngene Therapeutics. M.N.K. has also received research grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Pfizer; holds stock in Artera Health and Saghmos Therapeutics; has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk; and has received other research support from AstraZeneca.
